Genetic Engineering The Tremendous Benefits Outweigh the...

Wouldnt it be great to improve health care, improve agriculture, and improve our quality of life? Genetic engineering is already accomplishing those things, and has the potential to accomplish much more. Genetic engineering, also referred to as biotechnology, is a fairly new science where the genes of an organism are modified to change the features of an organism or group of organisms. Genes are found in the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) of an organism, and each gene controls a specific trait of an organism. Scientists have discovered what many of these genes control, both in plants and animals. Scientists then can modify these genes to benefit the organism. For example, if a person has a gene that codes for a certain†¦show more content†¦They are being engineered to stay ripe longer so they will stay fresh longer and taste better (Advocates . . .). Coffee will be decaffeinated naturally, popcorn will be given a butter flavor on the cob, and grapefruit sweetened naturally. By the year 2000, it looks as though a fifth of all food will be produced through biotechnology (Dyson). Biotechnology may be able to solve the food shortage problem in many poor parts of the world (Bio technologys . . .). Many people dont realize how much of their food is already enhanced through genetic engineering. Critics believe that using biotechnology in agriculture will pose human health and safety risks such as allergic reactions and biological contamination. This is a reasonable concern, but it isnt likely to happen. Several agencies have developed laws and regulations to ensure that genetically altered foods are safe. The Federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has developed strict regulatory requirements to make sure genetically engineered foods are safe. Genetically altered foods will be judged based on their individual safety, allergenicity, toxicity, etc. Under the Drug and Cosmetic Act, the FDA has control over genetically altered products and drugs for humans and animals. Before a new genetically altered food can be accepted, companies must follow a set of seven questions developed by the FDA. To name a few, companies have to ask, Does the genetically-modified plant have a history of safeShow MoreRelatedHuman Genetic Engineering At The Germ Line Of A Family1267 Words   |   6 PagesContinuous advancements have been made in these fields, and thus contribute to human genetic engineering. The method of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, also known as embryonic screening, allows parents at risk of transmitting a genetic disease to ensure their future children are unaffected by the disease. Some say that it would be greatly favorable for parents to have the ability to avoid passing on a genetic disease. While there is potential to eliminate many diseases, it also has an equallyRead MoreThe Golden Age Of Computing1440 Words   |  6 Pagesthe computer revolution, the genetic revolution hopes to do for life what computing did for information. We are near being able to manipulate organisms for any number of reasons. Whether it be for medicine or agriculture, the technology we have will change the way we interact with the natural world. Over the years, genetic engineering continued to prove itself beneficial in the fields of medicine, manufacturing, and agriculture. These benefits range from curing genetic diseases to increased farmingRead MoreGene Technology Essay1397 Words   |  6 Pages2: Gene Technology Introduction to Biology Mr. James Cox March 3, 2013 Gene technology is the term given to a range of activities concerned with understanding the expression of genes, taking advantage of natural genetic variation, modifying genes and transferring genes to new hosts. Gene technology sits within the broader area of biotechnology – the use of living things to make or change products. Humans have been using biotechnology for centuries in activities rangingRead MoreThe Main Ingredient For A Wellness Recipe1640 Words   |  7 Pagesis, was not accompanied with the mass-presented GMOs food. According to a book, Genes on the Menu: Facts for Knowledge-Bases Decisions written by author Paul Pechan, the basic facts and introduction of GMOs was described. Pechan stated, A genetic engineering procedure where a gene from one, sometimes unrelated, organism is transferred to another†¦, which is how Genetically Modified Organisms occurred in the actual world (3). Along with this statement, it was specified that by making such modificationsR ead MoreEthics, Public Health, And Environmental Safety3018 Words   |  13 Pageswe define biotechnology and consider best practices in agriculture, both in the United States and around the globe. With the advent of genetic engineering and the adoption of transgenic crops, a new set of questions regarding ethics, public health, and environmental safety has grown from a theoretical concern to one that must be considered as genetic engineering plays an increasingly large role in our everyday lives. As genetically modified (GM) food has entered the marketplace, these ethical questionsRead MoreThe Invention Of The 21st Century2497 Words   |  10 Pages(Fletcher 8). The act of genetic manipulation or engineering may be akin to the Greek myth of Prometheus. He stole fire from the heavens in a compassionate act to ease human suffering. While this fire may have been frightening at first, when man learned to harness it he was able to make vastly improve the quality of life. Preserving and improving the quality of life has always been a primary goal in the practice of medicine. If humanity can correctly wield the awesome power of genetic control, we wouldRead MoreA Bright Future With Genetically Modified Superfoods2397 Words   |  10 Pagesis now. Human ingenuity and intelligence has soared far above the levels that the human race has ever thought possible; humans are right on the threshold of these and many other genetic engineering and biotechnological advances. Regardless of the limitless possibilities, nay-sayers say the risks far outway the benefits. Critics say that these new advances are far too dangerous and too experimental; however, this tremendously beneficial form of science has the capabilities to progress far beyondRead MoreGenetically Modified Food And Its Effects On The Body As Natural Plants?1809 Words   |  8 Pagesnot it is safe to consume, if the pros outweigh the cons. I will compare genetically modified food to naturally produced food. Do GMOs have the same chemical reactions in the body as natural plants? Are the chemicals of both equivalent? Who is impacted by GMOs? According to Hembree Brandon from the Delta Farm Press, many scientists believe GMOs are unsafe and do not pose any threat to the environment. For example, the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine has states that in â€Å"theRead MoreEssay on Use of Nanotechnology in Medecine2565 Words   |  11 Pagesclot and save the spy along with his secret information. This idea has evolved from science fiction into what is today the branch of science and technology that is known as Nanomedicine. The potential benefits of Nanomedicine are to possibly develop a cure for cancer, cure diabetes, suppress genetic defects, and even cure mental illness. Nanorobots could be injected into the blood stream where they could wipe out viruses, bacteria, and other harmful organisms before they could lead to disease. NanorobotsRead MoreCloning: The Face of a Better Tomorrow Essay1995 Words   |  8 Pagesmeat. Cloning could also improve our agriculture and help to preserve our animal population. Lastly, cloning could quite possibly serve a major purpose in the medical field. In spite of several doubts and risks, cloning is an innovative process that can produce a variety of overwhelming benefits that can better today’s and tomorrow’s future. To many it may seem as if cloning has just recently been discovered but in reality cloning has been around for years. In the article â€Å"Clone and Cloning† from

The Salem Witch Trials Of 1692-93 - 2316 Words

When examining the topic of the Salem witch trials of 1692-93, Cotton Mather is presumed to be a major cause behind the hysteria of the events. He contributed to this image, perhaps unknowingly, by publishing numerous works especially â€Å"Wonders of the Invisible World.† At first glance, Mather s book seems to be just a detailed account of the trials and executions that took place in the Massachusetts colony, but deeper investigation reveals otherwise. To dispel Mather s arguments and reveal more details on the events of Salem at this time, Robert Calef published â€Å"More Wonders of the Invisible World† in 1700. Calef s book seems just as capable as Mather s book to maintain longevity in the world of literature and American history, however Mather has held a much more prominent stance out of the two. By examining Cotton Mather s obligation to God and comparing the language of Mather and Calef, we develop more understanding as to why his arguments remain more promine nt than Calef s as well as how both of the authors influenced literature and American history in general. Cotton Mather s strenuous attempts to live up to the image of his father, Increase Mather, is one factor contributing to his form of writing. He was also influenced especially by his Calvinist upbringing that taught him to take life seriously and resort to prayer in time of need. This deeply religious upbringing helped Mather to develop a sense of self-discipline at a young age. He was proficient inShow MoreRelatedAbdeali Dalal. Dr. Jenkins. History 1301. February 13,1541 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Escaping Salem; The Other Witch Hunt of 1692† â€Å"Escaping Salem; The Other Witch hunt of 1692† was penned and published by Richard Godbeer in 2005. Godbeer expressed his views on what he called basic witch trials in Salem and more importantly, in Stamford, Connecticut Massachusetts. The same year that Salem witch hunt and trials began in 1692, another witch hunt took place in Stamford, the Western Connecticut to when a woman (Elizabeth Clawson) from there was also accused of Witchcraft. These witch huntRead MoreThe Events And History Of Salem Witch Trials799 Words   |  4 PagesThe Events and History of the Salem Witch Trials Katie Duggan†¨World history period 4†¨Mr. Whittemore†¨26 February 2016 We have been blaming others for our misfortunes since before the Roman Empire. The Salem witch trials started through a little girl s illness and spread to other men, women and children. The events that took place during the Salem Witch Trials in 1692 is part of a pattern through our history to persecute innocent people. Belief in the devil’s practice of giving certainRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1441 Words   |  6 PagesCrucible was based off the events in a small town/ village called Salem in 1692. There were no more than 600 residents all together so everyone knew each other. The Crucible focused on the Salem witch trials that took place, and started from young girls claiming to be possessed by the devil. The people who lived in Salem were so obsessive about the possible threats in their town that they came up with unreasonable reasons on who was a witch, which made many innocent people die. Many innocent people wereRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials : Questionable And Scandalous Time1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials were a questionable and scandalous time in New England history that led to the deaths of 14 women and 6 men, all of whom had been charged with practicing witchcraft. The trials were the result of the strange and unexplainable behavior of two young girls , who exhibited violent convulsions and uncontrollable outburst of screaming and fits that left them unable to see,speak or hear. After a local doctor examined them and found no physical reason for their fits, diagnosed themRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials : A Day By Day Chronicle Of A Community Under Siege Essay1671 Words   |  7 PagesThe book I have chosen to write about is â€Å"The Salem Witch Trials: A Day by Day Chronicle of a Community Under Siege† written by Marilynne K. Roach and published in 2002. Marilynne K. Roach is the president of the Historical Society of Watertown and a member of the Watertown Historical Commission board, she also is an active board member and a curator of the Salem Witch Museum. She has multiple books that have been published about the Salem and the trials that occurred in the late 17th and early 18thRead MoreSalem Witch Hunt : A Phenomenon Of Witch Trials1499 Words   |  6 Pages The Salem Witch Hunt was a phenomenon of witch trials in the Early Modern period. It occurred in 1692 in Salem, Massachusetts. It all started when a group of young girls, Betty Parris, 9 years old, and Abigail Williams, 11 years old, started to behave in a crazy manner, like screaming and barking like a dog, and it got to the point where they assumed they were â€Å"possessed†. Soon after that, Ann Putnam Jr. and other Salem girls began acting similarly. People started getting very scared and startedRead MoreThe Salem Of Witch Trails2281 Words   |  10 PagesBlumberg, the Salem of witch trails was a really bad part of the United State. There were people who didn’t understanding why they were getting accused. This happed during 1692 and 1693 in Massachusetts. This happened during this time. The main parts that started and fueled the trials were politics, religion, family, feuds, economics, and the imaginations and fears of people (Sutter). The seeds of the hysteria is afflicted Salem village, Massachusetts were sown on January 1692 when groups ofRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagesin the play. Although Arthur Miller’s The Crucible is set in the late 1600s, it offers a fine example of allegory of McCarthyism in the 1950s. During the late 1600s in Salem, Massachusetts, people are experiencing a somewhat mass hysteria as the witch trials occur. The main plot of the play revolves around a group of people in Salem. In begins with Abigail Williams and other girls being questioned about practicing witchcraft when a young Betty Parris is found motionless and unconscious. While beingRead MoreCommunism And Communism In Arthur Millers The Crucible711 Words   |  3 Pagesanalogy using the events of the Salem Witch Trials of 1693 to expose the ugly truth behind communism and McCarthyism. To begin, the word crucible derived from the Latin root word â€Å"crux† means cross. In explanation, a crucible is a severe test or trial, which is precisely what occurs in the play. Ordinarily, â€Å"The Crucible† inked in 1952, is a dramatization of The Salem Witch Trials that took place in Salem, Massachusetts during 1692-93. The Crucible examines witch hunts that took place withinRead MoreThe Salem Of Witch Trails2303 Words   |  10 PagesBlumberg, the Salem of witch trails it was a really bad part of the United State. There were people who didn’t understanding why they were getting accused. This happed during the 1692 and 1693 in Massachusetts this was really happing during this time. The main parts that started and fueled the trials were politics, religion, family, feuds, economics, and the imaginations and fears of people (Sutter). The seeds of the hysteria is afflicted Salem village, Massachusetts were sown on January 1692 when groups

The Great Gatsby - Houses free essay sample

In the book The Great Gatsby, Nick, The Buchanan’s, and Gatsby all have unique and different houses to fit their own personality. Nick comes from a hard-working and absolute family which makes him fit perfectly in his house. Nicks house is kind of middle-ground between Gatsby’s and the Buchanan’s homes. He lives in West Egg which is the â€Å"less fashionable†. He is not the very flashy type and likes to keep to himself sometimes. His home is described as a â€Å"weather-beaten cardboard bungalow at eighty a month†, meaning this may look as though it is worn out but is in good shape and is big enough for space for him and more. Gatsby did not come from old money but came from new money and lives in West Egg. His home is enormous with outrageous personality and jazzy. Gatsby doesn’t just sees himself as grand but mostly wants other to look at him that way and like him for all the antiques and lush parties he have. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby Houses or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He is a very flashy man and does not mind the surprising stares of others at what he has. The Buchanan’s are from old money and lives in the East Egg. Their house displays elegance and prideful wealth which can absolutely match their personality of prideful, arrogant, careless people. The Buchanan’s mansion is inviting and welcoming and there is a close connection between it and nature. It closely resembles a Georgian Colonial style in the 18th century. It is also an old house with ivy covered red and white brick walls and nice French windows.

The Secret Life Of Walter Mitty - Character Study Of Walter Mitty Essa

The Secret Life Of Walter Mitty - Character Study of Walter Mitty In the short story, "The secret life of Walter Mitty," a man by the name of Walter Mitty goes into town with his wife to get some things done. Throughout this story Walter Mitty shows that he is very forgetful and a really stubborn man with a vivid imagination. He is constantly being distracted, and starts to day dream often. There are a few hints in this story that show Walter Mitty is very forgetful. Most of this is probably caused by his constant day dreaming throughout this trip into town and not concentrating too hard on what he's doing. Once Walter Mitty had dropped off his wife for her hair appointment, he began to do his shopping. Walter picks up his overshoes and then "Walter Mitty began to wonder what the other thing was his wife had told him to get. She had told him, twice before they left."(90) Also, a little later on, Walter Mitty "was always getting something wrong"(90) This last quote shows that Walter Mitty must forget things quite often. The story also shows that Walter Mitty is a really stubborn person. When he was dropping off Mrs. Mitty, Mrs. Mitty told Walter Mitty not to forget the overshoes he was sopposed to buy while in he was town. Walter Mitty's reaction was "I don't need overshoes,"(88) but he did give in to his wife in the end, and bought the overshoes. Another incident that shows Walter Mitty is stubborn occurs when his wife told him to put his gloves on, then Walter Mitty puts them on, but when his wife is out of site he took them off immediately. The most obvious trait of Walter Mitty is his constant day dreaming. Throughout the whole story, Walter Mitty is being distracted easily by everyday events. His dreams turn these simple events into wild fantasies such as being a surgeon, bomber pilot and a captain of a sea vessel. An example of how he changes something from everyday life into a dream occurs when Walter Mitty is trying to remember what it was his wife had told him to get, then a paper boy went by shouting something about a trial. Walter Mitty quickly went into one of his day dreams and was suddenly on trial for murder in his dream. The story is based on Walter Mitty's dream, so obviously he has a vivid imagination and day dreams often. All of these points show that Walter Mitty is forgetful, stubborn and a day dreamer. Most of this story is focussed around Walter Mitty's day dreaming and his wife also plays a role in bringing out Walter Mitty's characteristics.

The Mad Queen Professor Ramos Blog

The Mad Queen The Mad Queen     Daenerys Targaryen was one of the main characters from A Song of Ice and Fire novels and its HBO adaptation, Game of Thrones.   In season 8 she became the monster that she was sworn to fight. How did this happen? Villains, according to Wiki are commonly in the beginning protagonists or forces of good or evil due to events in their lives.   Originally having been corrupted by other Villains they in turn desire revenge. Failed love relationships, betrayal, or any other unresolved traumatic experience makes the beginning protagonist question whether or not the good-side is worth fighting for.   (Villain Wiki ). In the case of Daenerys, it was revenge for the traumatic experience the lords of Westros made her go through. From the start, as a kid she had to go through the pain of losing her father and being exiled with her brother. Once she became of age, her brother sold her in exchange for an army.   It was only after her brother Viserys and her husband Kal Drogo died that s he was truly free to make her own decisions.   A turn of events empowered Daenerys to put her ideas into a plan of her own.   With the birth of her three dragons, she had assistance and tools to shape the world in her vision. Daenerys’ vision was to take back Westeros and reshape the world in her eyes.    At first, her intentions where good. Free slaves ,feed the poor, and redistribute wealth. As time went on her campaign became more extreme. She started killing people who either betrayed her or would not kneel to her demands.   She formed many allies that would help her cause and go to battle alongside her, but even they were wary of the monster she was becoming. Daenerys, in her quest to win battles lost two of her three dragons.   Realizing this was a loss of her strength and power, she opted to rule through brute force and fear.   On the Siege of Kingslanding in her final battle she rode into the city on her dragon and burned the place to the ground.   She went about killing hundreds of thousands of people even when her advisers told not to. This being the last straw for her friend and lover Jon made him kill her for the greater good.    Once Daenerys and Jons other foes were dead the kingdom of Westeros was at peace, and the name of Daenerys as the Mad Queen would become her legend. To make Daenerys the final villain of this hit show was an unexpected plot twist that audiences did not expect.    Spectators could not help but cheer the young woman on through her trials and tribulations, but these were the situations that eventually led her to become the monster.    There is a reason why people do bad things. Good reasons give rise to their origins. In our world, we have a lot of wars and mass poverty that started somewhere, and its current effect keeps people down.   Only the strong can survive and fight to make it out of the danger zones to see any semblance of glory. An example of this is the wars in the middle east, and raising from the chaos is Extremist leaders. Theses leader lead a cause for a system they deem corrupted or inefficient in their eyes. As for Daenerys she was ousted at a young age because her father kingdom was taken over in a Coup d’à ©tat. This caused for her to live in a far away land where her brother would use her as a barga ining chip for an army. Daenerys was sold off to Kal Drogo in exchange for an army comparable to third world countries selling off their kids for money. When Drogo died, she become in charge of the remaining Dothraki tribe, the Strong members of the tribe didn’t expect her as leader leaving her to die along with the slaves. Daenerys told her Slaves that they were free and if they follow her now, it would be for their common cause making in Daenerys queen of a free world. It looked like all hope was lost until a miracle happened and her dragon eggs hatched this brought hope and moment to her cause. As her dragons grew, so did her army and her extremist ideology. She started saying thing like â€Å"I spent my life in foreign lands. So many men have tried to kill me, I dont remember all their names. I have been sold like a broodmare. Ive been chained and betrayed, raped and defiled. Do you know what kept me standing through all those years in exile? Faith. Not in any gods. Not in myths and legends. In myself. In Daenerys Targaryen. The world hadnt seen a dragon in centuries until my children were born. The Dothraki hadnt crossed the sea. Any sea. They did for me. I was born to rule the Seven Kingdoms, and I will.† (Game of Thrones), this was the start to a downfall.   Daenerys was According to villain wiki a Fallen Hero, one trait of a fallen hero is an extremist this is a character that has well-intentioned goals for the greater good, but their methods and ultimate ends are proven to be very extreme to the point that they become something that is greatly despised, whether by those whom they know, the heroes, or themselves. The actions may even potentially drive them to the dark side as well, which towards the end of the show, Daenerys ultimately did by burning down a whole city and setting her sights on the world domination.   Daenerys started her journey with no one, and as the show progressed, she started gaining more followers and allies, some of which she would call her family.   Daenerys was the mother of three dragons. Names, Drogon after her late husband, Viserion after her recently dead brother, and Rhaegal after her late older brother.   She loved theses dragons as if she gave birth to them, as she came out of the fire she essentially did. She would teach, feed, and raise them as any mother would. Daenerys also had trusted advisers in Sir Jorah and Missandei who always had her back.   Daenerys power and her journey had setbacks throughout the show. It wasnt until season 7 when she faced tragedy losing her dragons. In season 7 John and company went beyond the walls to capture a White Walker, which is an ice zombie to show proof to the world that the threat of them is real.   As events took a turn for the worst, Daenerys flies down with her three dragons to save them. The rescue was a succes s but at the cost of one of her Dragons. With the death of Viserion Daenerys lost on of her children something that no other should go through. Losing a Child would make any parent go mad according to tommy.org a Wales pregnancy nonprofit organization, which says â€Å"many mothers said that after losing their baby they could not think straight and felt unable to make decisions.†Ã‚   This could have caused Daenerys to make the questionable decision that she made. In the show, she lost a total of two dragons, which equals two children in her eyes. In Season 8 Sir Jorah died trying to save her and Missandei died at the hands of Queen Cersei, her main enemy. With the death of her two dragons and friends, it was the final breaking point for Daenerys. The last causal for Daenerys turning to evil was an easy one to detect, jealousy.   From the start of her campaign, her one goal was to become ruler of Westeros. Everything was going smoothly until she landed in Westeros and learned that the people do not respect foreign rulers.   Even if Daenerys was born in Westeros, she was raised by foreigners, grew up with foreigners, and had a foreign army. Compared to the other rulers like Cersei, she did not have their respect. After the battle with the White Walkers, Daenerys could see the Northerners respect for Jon.   Daenerys wanted that respect too, so she came up with the idea, if they wont like you then they will respect you by fear. In conclusion, Daenerys Targaryen was a complex character who used her emotions as fuel. There are better traits than emotions to fuel leadership. Objectivity is better than feelings when becoming a leader.   With Daenerys rough origins, traumatic losses and jealousy it was not hard to see way she became a monster. â€Å"Coping with Grief after the Loss of a Baby – for Parents.† Tommys, tommys.org/pregnancy-information/pregnancy-complications/baby-loss/stillbirth/coping-grief-after-loss-babyparents. â€Å"Daenerys Targaryen.† Game of Thrones Wiki, gameofthrones.fandom.com/wiki/Daenerys_Targaryen. â€Å"Fallen Heroes.† Villains Wiki, villains.fandom.com/wiki/Category:Fallen_Heroes. â€Å"Game of Thrones Official Website for the HBO Series.† HBO, 4 Nov. 2019, hbo.com/game-of-thrones.

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Submit Essay Submit Essay ANTHROPOLOGY TASK 1 One example of a non-Western culture which has been impacted by globalization is the Japanese hip-hop culture. Hip-hop music is a type of rhythmic music which people typically rap to. A Japanese DJ named Hiroshi Fujiwara visited New York City in the early 1980’s. During his stay he was introduced to hip-hop, took these American records back to Japan & began playing them (Wikipedia, 2014). Fujiwara along with the film Wild Style (a movie full of breakdancing, singing and graffiti paintings) are credited for starting the hip- hop culture in Japan (Wikipedia, 2014). Prior to hip-hop, rock music was popular for Japanese teens to dance and listen to. With this new type of hip-hop music break dancing, graffiti, and a new fashion of baggy clothing began to emerge with the Japanese adolescents. Today Tokyo resembles New York in an array of ways: there are stores with rap music playing in the background, spray painted artwork on sides of buildings and the youth of Tokyo break d ance in the streets (Condry, 2003). Nigeria oil extraction is another example of a non-Western culture who has been impacted by globalization. The oil companies Shell and BP discovered oil at the Niger River Delta. In 1958 after a contract was agreed upon between these oil companies & the Nigerian government, drilling commenced (Wikipedia, 2015). Prior to oil drilling Nigeria intensely depended on agricultural exports to other countries in order to supply their economy. As of 2000, oil and gas exports accounted for more than 98% of export earnings and about 83% of federal government revenue (Wikipedia, 2015). There are citizens living in land which became polluted by oil spills and gas flaring’s. Water which was clean prior to drilling is now polluted with oil products. Money from big oil companies such as Shell and BP are responsible for the globalization of oil in Nigeria. Extraction of oil products caused great friction between the Nigerian government and the poverty stricken regions of Nigeria. The Nigerian government has complete domination over property rights and the government has the ability to seize any property for use by the oil companies no matter what the residents view may be. Residents of the Niger River Delta reside in severe poverty even in the face of abundant material wealth found in the waters by their homes. The globalization of Nigeria oil extraction was achieved from a direct action. Oil companies were searching for new areas of oil to drill. The Western companies found oil in the Niger River Delta then approached the Government of Nigeria for extraction permission. The Nigeria government signed an agreement with the Western oil companies thereby directly introducing oil drilling to the Nigeria culture. Nigeria is one of the leading oil producers in Africa. Export is predominantly intended for U.S.A. and Great Britain (Wiese, Moar & Fleming, 2015) Both the oil companies & the Nigeria government knowingly and intentionally entered into a written form of agreement. Furthermore the government knowingly took land which belonged to its citizens in order to profit from the oil industry. Oil extraction has led to a heavy network of extraction plants and pipelines on the mainland. These were constructed without consideration for customary land rights or the availability of forest and cultivated land, resulting in clashed with the local residents. Preparations and talks with engineers could have mapped out more conscious and respectful routes. The Nigerian governments control over its citizens land property in addition to pollution issues cause this globalization example to be a negative one. Villagers continue to get their water right from the same rivers and streams that become catch basins for oil spills. Between 1989 and 2000, more than 536,000 barrels of oil were spilled; only 23,000 barrels were recovered (Environmental Law Alliance Worldwide, 2004).

Instruments and Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Instruments and Markets - Essay Example A company needs to be able to meet its current liabilities using its current asset for it to be operational. Companies have short term liabilities that need to be paid and also long term liabilities due (Vandyck, 2006).Therefore the BHP Company has a current ratio of 0.97 which implies that the current asset and the current liabilities almost cancel out. This is a safe cash flow position that shows the firm can adequately service its obligation The company’s level of efficiency in terms of return on assets stood at 9.44% while the Return on equity was 15.92%. These ratios give the efficiency at which the company’s resources were used to achieve the various results and how effective they were. The debt to equity ratio gives the distribution of the capital structure in terms of how much is contributed by stock and how much by debt. A high debt to equity ratio would mean a company is heavily dependent on debt and hence plenty of its future profits would be tied down and there would be less flexibility. A debt to equity ratio of almost 50% shows the two sources of capital are evenly

Are corporations obliged to help combat social problems Is factory Annotated Bibliography

Are corporations obliged to help combat social problems Is factory farming morally justifiable When are wages fair - Annotated Bibliography Example Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 98: Issue 3: pp 513 – 530. Kaptein’s article offers a great and in-depth analysis of employees and organizations’ role in reporting wrongdoings. According to Kaptein, employees are crucial in detecting and reporting wrongdoing in the workplace. The article purports that organizations must also create conditions that encourage employees to ‘blow the whistle’ once a wrongdoing is spotted. The article includes a detailed literature review on the number of wrongdoings exposed by employees across the world. These statistics highlight the crucial role played by employees on ‘blowing the whistle’, enabling readers to understand the exact role the employee should play when they encounter fraud. Ahmad, S., Smith, G. M., & Ismail, Z., 2012. ‘Internal Whistle-Blowing Intentions: A Study of Demographic and Individual Factors’, Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing, Vol. 8, Issue 11, pp1632-1645. This article analyzes the topic on whistle blowing in the context of an auditor. It is important to note that much of editors’ work involves scrutinizing records for accuracy and fraud. The article uses an empirical approach to analyze those factors that move or hinder employees to take action (or not to). For instance, does age or gender influence whistle blowing behaviour among employees? It also analyzes other factors such as employees’ ethical judgment, locus of control and commitment to the organization. Although the research is an empirical study on the topic, it was not sufficiently detailed to provide a true picture of the whole situation. Participants in the study were from the same institution which could result to a biased view. This article introduces a legal dimension into the whistle blowing dilemma. The article reveals that in some countries such as Australia, Ghana and Malaysia, a law guiding employees on whistle blowing is

Using material from Item A and elsewhere Essay Example for Free

Using material from Item A and elsewhere Essay ?The cultural deprivation theory argues that many working class and black children do not acquire the basic values, attitudes and skills needed for educational success through primary socialisation in the family. Many cultural deprivation theorists claim that working-class families inadequately socialise their children and therefore their children are ‘culturally deprived’. There are three main aspects to cultural deprivation, one of them being intellectual development. This refers to the child’s development of thinking and reasoning skills allowing them to solve problems and use ideas and concepts. Cultural deprivation theorists would argue that many working class homes lack the resources, such as books and educational toys, needed to stimulate a child’s intellectual development that would enable them to progress more quickly once the child has started school as they already have a prior knowledge and understanding. J. W. B Douglas (1964) says that working class parents are less likely to support their children’s intellectual development through reading with them or other educational activities in the home after he conducted a study that found working class pupils to score lower on tests of ability than middle class pupils. Basil Bernstein and Douglas Young came to a similar conclusion and suggested that middle class mothers are more likely to choose toys that encourage the thinking and reasoning skills that’d prepare their children for school. However, sociologists such as Bernstein and Young have not considered the fact that working class mothers may not have such choice in toys and books that’d be educationally beneficial for their children due to their financial state which would suggest that it is material deprivation that is more important here. Secondly, Carl Bereiter and Siegfried Engelmann (1966) highlighted the importance of language for educational achievement claiming that the language used in lower class homes is deficient. Basil Bernstein also identified differences between the language influencing achievement used by working class and middle class families. He distinguishes between two types of speech code: restricted code used by the working class and the elaborated code typically used by the middle class. He argues that the differences in speech code give middle class children an advantage at school because this is the type of language used and encouraged by the education system through teaching, textbooks and exams. However, this theory is rejected by sociologists such as Barry Troyna and Jenny Williams (1986) who say that the problem is not the language used by the children but the school’s attitude towards it. Similarly, Nell Keddie (1973) describes cultural deprivation as a ‘myth’ and sees it as a victim-blaming explanation, she argues that a child cannot be deprived of their own culture – they are culturally different not culturally deprived and they fail due to dismissal from an education system dominated by middle class values. The third aspect to cultural deprivation is the argument that the parents’ attitudes and values are a key factor affecting education achievement. Leon Feinstein (1998) found that working class parents’ lack of interest was the main reason for education underachievement and was more important than material or internal factors. He suggests that middle class children are more successful due to their parents providing them with the necessary motivation, discipline and support. Likewise, J. W. B Douglas’ study ‘The Home and the School’ said that working class failure is due to a lack of parental interest and stimulation in the home. He found that working class parents visited the school less often and were less likely to discuss their children’s progress with teachers resulting in their children’s decreased levels of achievement motivation. Although this view has been critiqued by Tessa Blackstone and Jo Mortimore (1994) who say the parents visit school less often and attend fewer parents evenings is due to longer or irregular work hours or are put off by the school’s middle class atmosphere not because of a lack of interest in their child’s educational progress. Some sociologists argue that parental disinterest in their children’s education reflects the subcultural values of the working class; they say that large groups of the working class have different goals, beliefs and values from the rest of society and this is the reason for their children’s educational failure. Barry Sugarman (1970) says that working class subculture has four key features that act as a barrier to educational achievement: Fatalism, Collectivism, Immediate gratification and Present-time gratification. Working class children internalise these beliefs and values of their subculture through the socialisation process and this results in their underachievement. Sugarman suggests these values exist due to working-class jobs being less secure and have no career structure to enable individuals to advance. Many sociologists disagree with the view that cultural deprivation is the main reason for education underachievement. Peter Mortimore and Geoff Whitty (1997) argue that material deprivation has a much greater effect on achievement than internal factors however although it is clear that material factors play a part in educational achievement, due to the success of some children from poor families we can see that material deprivation is only part of the explanation. The cultural, religious or political values of the family are a strong part of sustaining a child’s motivation regardless of the child’s social class; similarly internal factors such as the quality of the school allow children from poorer backgrounds to gain educational success.

XM Satellite Radio: An Innovation Beyond AM and FM Radio Essay

XM Satellite Radio: An Innovation Beyond AM and FM Radio How much do you enjoy drinking a nice cold beverage, reclining in your most comfy chair, while listening to your favorite radio station? Music is a very important part of the average person's daily life. We wake up to music set on our alarm clocks, sing to music in the shower, listen to music while driving to work, and enjoy it throughout the rest of our day. Well sit back and get ready to experience Radio to the Power of X. We're talking about the new XM satellite radio. This is a brand new radio system that will sweep across America finding its way replacing your old radio service. The articles below will provide you with a closer look at the new XM satellite radio. We talk about the history, basics, and future of this amazing new service. We also give you a closer look at examining the positives and negatives of the XM satellite radio over your regular radio service. So, don't waste any time with static, distortion, and limited channels on your radio service. Take a deeper look at the XM satellite radio and find out for yourself, this is the radio wave of the future! The History XM Satellite Radio After nearly a decade of buildup and anticipation satellite radio has finally hit the airwaves. Satellite radio has been an emerging technology in the making for many years now. In 1992, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) assigned part of the S-band (2.3 GHz) spectrum for nationwide broadcasting of a satellite-based Digital Audio Radio Service (DARS). In 1997, the FCC granted American Mobile Radio (now XM Satellite Radio) and CD Radio (now Sirius Satellite Radio) broadcast rights over... ..., March). Satellite 2002 Executive of the Year. Via Satellite 26-32. Morris, R. (2003, April 3). XM discussion [Article posted on Web Site XMFan]. Retrieved March 2003, from the World Wide Web: http://www.xmfan.com/viewforum.php?f=2 XM Satellite Radio. (2001). History [Article posted on Web Site XMradio]. Retrieved April 2, 2003, from the World Wide Web: http://www.xmradio.com/corporate_info/history_main.jsp XM Satellite Radio.(2001). How it works: Introduction [Article posted on Web Site XMradio]. Retrieved February 1, 2003, from the World Wide Web: http://www.xmradio.com/how_it_works/introduction.html XM Satellite Radio Stock Report. (2003, February) XM Satellite Radio Business Profile [Article posted on Web Site YahooFinance]. Retrieved February 2003, from the World Wide Web: http://www.biz.yahoo.com/e/011206/xmsr.com

Merci Beaucoup

No other city in the world can have an outstanding classical and modern architecture, free-spirited fashion, a unique culture, and exotic cuisine like Paris. Located on the River Seine, Paris offers famous tourist attractions such as the Eiffel Tower, the Louvre, and the Notre Dame Cathedral just to name a few. France’s captivating capital, is said to be one of the most visited cities nowadays. Once tourists visit Paris, they instantly fall in love with this sensational city.Walking in the mazes streets of Paris, I was compelled to gaze upon the Notre Dame Cathedral. Its gothic, antiquated architecture is so distinctive. Looking up at the eerie sculptures above the cathedral, I could feel my face light up. The cathedral was so stunning to look at! As I examined the massive voluminous bell and the eye-catching intricate carvings, I was awed. The cathedral looked very exquisite with its towering walls. I felt like I was in the old, Medieval Age.There is no doubt that the Notre D ame Cathedral is the most famous cathedral worldwide. Across the river, I got a glimpse of the renowned glass pyramid museum, the Louvre, a museum exceptional by any other. Inside the museum, I stumbled upon colorful artworks, shiny marble sculptures, and famous oil paintings such as the â€Å"Mona Lisa† by Leonardo DaVinci. I was charmed by this strange metallic sculpture. It wasn’t really famous although its peculiar shape and gleaming color seemed to attract my eyes.The Louvre is also the world’s best museum, with its avant-garde architecture and its legendary paintings. Of course, no tourist can miss visiting the magnificent Eiffel Tower, the symbol of Paris. The elevator going to the top of the Eiffel Tower is cramped with people, some of whom are pick-pocketers to be alert to watch out for. Up in the Eiffel Tower, I saw the panoramic view of Paris. The Football field and the towering skyscrapers were marvelous and breathtaking to look at. At night, the Eif fel Tower sparkles with light.My eyes lit up with awe and wonder. This was the time I feel in love with this city. Most people enjoy a little bit of label, and Paris is a great place to buy cheaper designer items since Paris is the â€Å"fashion capital of the world†. Paris is home to many famous fashion houses such as, â€Å"Louis Vuitton†, â€Å"Chanel†, â€Å"Dior† etc. Tourists shouldn’t miss out window-shopping at Champ- Elysees. It has all the high-class boutiques from designers all around the world. The greatest part about a trip in Paris is their delicious, diverse, mouth-watering French cuisine.Their croissants and baguettes have the perfect blend of crispy and soft; their various aged cheese are filled with bold flavor but have a horrid stench although the cheeses are a great compliment with their large velvet French grapes and lastly, who could forget about macaroons? Macaroons originated in France; therefore, France hosts the best macar oons in the world. Stop by at the renowned Lauderee macaroon shop and try one of their mouth-watering, traditionally handmade, signature macaroons.They are described to be the best macaroons worldwide. Tourists can find great food in Paris anywhere, from Michelin star restaurants to patisseries and street food. No city in the world can ever be compared to Paris. The towering Cathedral, avant-garde architectures, haute couture and Lauderee macaroons say it all. Paris has the best of everything. It is the city of dreams. Paris ‘ streets are also filled with life and history. Tourists who visit this breathtaking city will surely come off with more than just a simple â€Å"merci†.

Bullying Program

The issue of conflict and violence in the school is of considerable importance to students, staff, parents, school administrators, school district administrators and the community at large. By being aware of the behaviors, the communication, and the philosophical perspective a particular school adopts, these stakeholders can appreciate and understand the overall school culture that they create. Within the context of this culture, interactions occur and the potential for conflicts exists. The chosen community can be described in many ways.There are old buildings that look run down and there are new buildings in the neighborhood. There are restaurants around like the big daddy’s restaurant, spiro’s restaurant and baxter’s restaurant. The area has changed because new homes and town houses are being built in the community. The city of Norfolk have changed the names of some of the school who had the name park for example Richard Bowling Elementary school used to be ca ll Bowling park elementary school. The reason behind this name change is that most of the areas around these schools that had the name park in them were populated by lower income people.When the city of Norfolk started rebuilding these neighborhoods with diverse incomes, the names of the schools were changed also to meet the rebuilding of the area. Most of the people in the community have lived in this area for their whole life. This community is a diverse community so there are young, old, homeless, people who are single and people who have a families. Most of the population is African American making up 97% of the community, 2% of the community is Hispanics and Caucasians. 1% of the community is of another origin.In the community there weren’t any mosques and temples. In a three miles radius from Richard Bowling Elementary school there were three Baptist churches like the Unity Lutheran church, Temple of God, and St. Mary Pentecostal. So, the overall theme was that the cult ure was a positive, caring, and consistent environment. The community generally is a group who were committed to setting up a culture that was a safe, positive environment for the students. III. Subsystems The community around the school looks nice. There are new homes being built.There are still a few building that look run down and but for the most part they are trying to make the area around school look good. Across the street from the school there are mixers of homes being built which include town homes and houses. These same mixers of homes are being built in the back of the school too. There are health and social services available in the community. One shelter where most homeless people go is called the Union Mission. At the Union Mission they can only accept a certain amount of homeless people because they are limited on the amount of space provided to the homeless.The Salvation Army and habitat for humanity helps the homeless by giving them clothes for interviews. In the Sc hool there aren’t any homeless children who attend the school. Most of the families in the community go to the hospital id they have any problems with their health. In the community there are three clinics in the area called New Walk and Hunterville community center, and Parkplace community center. These clinics are limited on what they can offer the community and resources. At this clinic they see a variety of people from pregnant women to people with diabetes.Most of the people who are sick go to the emergency room because there are more hospitals in the area then local clinics. Some of the hospitals in the area include Norfolk General Hospital, Sentara Leigh Hospital and Depaul Hospital. The home health agency that is most common in the community is provided by the Sentara hospitals. In the area around the school there is only one nursing home called Norfolk Healthcare. There are resources outside the community such as WIC, Medicaid, and Famis from social services. Most of the resources can be accessible to the community by the health department.The health department makes these resources available but it is up to the community if the take advantage of these resources. Hence, this community seems like more of a thriving community because of the reconstruction they are doing with the neighborhoods and renaming the schools. Also, people in the community shop at the common stores such as Wal-Mart, Farm Fresh, Food Lion and the Spartan Market. Most of the people in the community use a variety of ways to travel such as bus, cabs, Hampton roads transit, walk, and a few ride their bike.90% of the children in the school ride the bus and the other 10% of the children walk to school because they live close to the school. There are sidewalks that they can use in going to school but there aren’t any bike trails. There are also private transportation that is available to the community like personal vehicles. The public transportation that is available to t he community include: buses, taxes and Hampton roads transit. There are also protective services that are available to the community are police, fire department and sanitation.But still there are crimes committed like robbery, thief, murders, stealing, and people doing and selling drugs. But in general, most of the people in the community feel safe because they have lived here so long that they have learn to adapt to the neighborhoods. Various forms of communication, formal and informal is also available like the door to door, email, and cell phones. There are also news papers such as Virginia pilot, apartment guides, trade post, USA today, and magazines. Most people also have TVs and radios.Most of them like to watch cartoons, music videos, sports, and realty shows. During the summer the children play at the park and basketball courts. In the winter time the children go to other recreation activities such at skating or boys and girls club. Their major forms of recreation are basket ball, football, and cheer dancing. Parents may sponsor and participate in events their children are in. Other recreations are the boys and girls club, Skating rings, but most of the children in the area participates in school activities. IV. PerceptionsMost of the people love this community and refuse to leave it. The only thing they would like is for their community to be more diverse. Most residents find their community`s strength is their older people. They considered the older people as the strength in the community because they have been in the community the longest and seen the way things use to be. They are the people who stand their ground and enforce change. Problems in the community that can be identified are gang violence, violence in general, discipline from parents, and obeying the city of Norfolk curfew regulations.V. Project The researcher is interested in selecting the elementary school in this community as I see that it has a positive reputation. The selected school was suggested through an extensive consultative process involving the principal of various elementary schools who were aware of the reputation of their feeder schools. Also used as criteria for the selection of the school was the responses that were collected from the community dwellers during the community assessment process.Insight and guidance were also sought from specialized personnel in the district`s central office who worked in the elementary school as their major role in their job description. The researcher then visited the school. The school was old, constructed of brick. The student population was approximately 200. It was located in a low to medium socio-economic area, as determined by the perceptions of the respondents. The researcher visited the school principal where she discussed the proposed program, the method of conducting the program.The principal of this school expressed enthusiasm for the proposed program and offered to take this idea to the staff. The respon se from the staff was overwhelmingly positive and the entire staff agreed verbally to be involved. It is believed, by the researcher, that this particular staff was proud of the school they worked at and subsequently were interested in further insights. The proposed program is a modification of the â€Å"Bully Proofing Your School† program developed by Garrity and her colleagues (1997), which , in turn, was modeled after Olweu`s core intervention program (1978).This program is unique in its emphasis on clinical support to victims and bullies in the form of individual and group counseling, as well as its collaboration with community services. The major goals of this program are to reduce bullying behaviors and create safe and secure school environments. The main components include the following: 1. VI. References Garrity, C. , Jens, K. , Porter, W. , Sager, N. , & Short-Camili, C. (1997). Bully proofing your school. Longmont, CO: Sopris West. Olweus, D. (1978). Aggression in t he schools: Bullies and whipping boys. Washington, DC: Hemisphere (Wiley).

A Guide to Alto, the Spanish Word for Stop

A Guide to 'Alto', the Spanish Word for Stop All over the English-speaking countries of the world, people may drive on different sides of the road, but an international constant is an octagonal red STOP sign is used to let drivers know they need to stop. The same cannot be said for Spanish-speaking countries. In Spanish-speaking countries, the red octagonal shape is used to mean stop, however, the word used in the sign changes depending on the Spanish-speaking country you are in. In some places the red octagon says Alto, or in other places, the red octagon says, Pare.   Both signs signify for a driver to stop. But, the word alto does not traditionally mean stop in Spanish. Parer is the Spanish verb meaning to stop. In Spanish, the word alto commonly serves as a descriptive word meaning high or loud. As in, the book is up high on a shelf, or the boy shouted loudly. Where did alto come from? How did this word end up on Spanish stop signs? Alto Defined Most native Spanish speakers do not know why alto means stop. It requires some digging into the historical usage of the word and its etymology. For those with a knowledge of German, a similarity could be drawn between the word alto and the German word  Halt. The word Halt in German has the same meaning as the word halt in English. According to the Spanish Royal Academys dictionary, the second reference to  alto with stop as its  meaning is commonly found on road signs  in Central America, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru, and it  comes from the German halt.  The German verb halten  means to stop. The dictionary provides a basic etymology of most words, but it does not go into extensive detail or give a date of first use. According to another Spanish etymology dictionary, the  Diccionario Etimolà ³gico, urban legend traces the Spanish usage of the word  alto with the meaning of stop back to the 15th century during the Italian Wars. The sergeant raised his pike high as a signal to stop the column of soldiers from marching. In this reference, the Italian word for high is alto.   More credence is given to the Spanish Royal Academy dictionarys meaning, suggesting that alto is a direct borrowing from the German halt. The Italian story sounds more like a folk tale, but the explanation is plausible. The Online Etymology Dictionary suggests that the English word halt comes from the 1590s from the French halte or Italian alto, ultimately from the German halt, possibly as a German military term that made its way into the Romance languages. Which Countries Use Which Sign Most Spanish-speaking Caribbean and South American countries use pare. Mexico and most Central American countries use alto. Spain and Portugal also use  pare. Also, in Portuguese, the word for stop is pare.

25 Things Every New Italian Language Learner Should Know

25 Things Every New Italian Language Learner Should Know So you’ve decided to learn Italian? Hooray! Deciding to learn a foreign language is a big deal, and as exciting as it can be to make that choice, it can also be overwhelming to know where to start or what to do. What’s more, as you dive even more deeply into learning, the number of things you need to learn and all the things that confuse you can start to demotivate you. We don’t want that to happen to you, so heres a list of 25 things that every new Italian language learner should know. When you go into this experience with clear, realistic expectations and a better idea of how to handle uncomfortable moments, it can often make the difference between those who say they’ve always wanted to learn Italian and those who become conversational. 25 Things Every New Italian Language Learner Should Know There is not even one â€Å"Learn Italian Quick† program that will be your be-all-end-all. There is no lightning in a bottle for Italian. There are hundreds of great, high-quality resources, many of which I can recommend, but know, above all, that YOU are the person learning the language. As polyglot Luca Lampariello often says, â€Å"Languages cannot be taught, they can only be learned.†In the beginning stages of learning, you will learn a ton, and then as you near that blessed intermediate level, you’ll have a period where you feel like you’re not making any progress. This is normal. Don’t get down on yourself about it. You actually are making progress, but at that stage, more effort is required, particularly when it comes to spoken Italian. Speaking of†¦Learning how to sound fluid and natural in Italian requires a lot of speaking practice and not just listening, reading, and writing practice. As you’re able to form longer sentences an d have a larger stockpile of vocabulary, you’ll want to find  a language partner. For some people, speaking can start from day one, but it depends on your experience, and a language partner can help you stay in this for the long-haul, which is critical because... Learning a language is a commitment that requires devotion (read: studying on a daily basis.) Start with a so-easy-you-can’t-say-no routine at first, like five minutes a day, and then build from there as studying becomes more of a habit. Now that you’re a language learner, you’ve got to find a way to weave it into your daily life.It’s meant to be fun, and it’s also absurdly gratifying- especially when you have your first conversation where you can connect with someone. Make sure to engage in activities that you find joy in. Find fun YouTube channels, work with tutors who make you laugh, find Italian music to add to your playlists. But know that...You will try to like Italian music, but you will probably be disappointed.  You will be able to understand more than you’ll be able to say. This is to be expected since at first, you’ll be taking in more information (listening and  reading) than you’re putting out (writing and speak ing).BUT, EVEN THEN...you may study for a long time and then feel brave enough to watch some Italian TV and not understand more than 15 percent  of what they’re saying. That’s normal, too. Your ear isn’t used to the rate of speech yet and lots of things are in dialect or contain slang, so be gentle with yourself. There is a thing in Italian where you have to make your nouns, adjectives and verbs agree in number and gender. This will happen with pronouns and prepositions, too. No matter how well you know the rules, you will mess up. It’s not a big deal. The goal is to be understood, not perfect.And in that same vein, you will definitely make mistakes. They are normal. You will say embarrassing things like â€Å"ano - anus† instead of â€Å"anno - year.† Laugh it off, and think of it as one entertaining way to acquire new vocabulary.You will get confused between the imperfect and the past tense. Just consider that challenge as a recipe you keep on tweaking. It will always be edible, but it could still be better.You will overuse the gerund tense when you mean to use the present tense. This and a host of other problems will arise from your  depending on English to inform your Italian.  You will totally forget to use the past tense during conversations. Our brains like to go to what’s easiest, so when we’re nervous while trying to have a conversation with a native speaker, it defaults to what’s easiest, which is often the present. And while you’re having those early conversations, you will feel like you lack a personality in Italian. As you learn more, your personality will re-emerge, I promise. In the meantime, it could be helpful to make a list of phrases that you often say in English and ask your tutor for the Italian equivalents.You will say â€Å"yes† to things you meant to say â€Å"no† to and â€Å"no† to things you meant to say â€Å"yes† to. You will order the wrong thing when youre dining out. You will ask for the wrong size when youre shopping. You will get a lot of weird stares from people trying to understand you, and you will need to repeat yourself. It’s all okay, and nothing is personal. People really want to know what you’re saying.When you visit Italy, anxious to put your Italian into action on its home turf, you will be English-ed, and it’s not meant as an insult.You will constantly wonder whether you should be using the â€Å" tu† or the â€Å"lei† form with all people everywhere that ever existed. At some point (or more realistically, several points), you will lose motivation and fall off the Italian studying wagon. You’ll also find new ways to get back on it. You will be impatient to reach â€Å"fluency.† (Hint: Fluency isn’t a real destination. So enjoy the ride.)You will consider using Google Translate for everything. Try not to. It can easily become a crutch. Use dictionaries like WordReference and Context-Reverse first.Once you learn how to use the word â€Å"boh,† you will start using it all the time in English.You will love the colorful proverbs and idioms that differ from English. ‘Who sleeps doesn’t catch fish’  instead of ‘the early bird catches the worm’? Adorable.Your mouth will feel weird pronouncing unfamiliar words. You will feel insecure about you’re speaking. You will think you should be further along. Remember that feeling uncomfortable means you’re doing something right. Then, ignore those negative thoughts and keep studying.You will forget that communication is about more than a perfectly constructed sentence and will try to learn the language through just studying the grammar. Resist the temptation for everything to be structured.But most importantly, know that you will, after practice and devotion, be able to speak Italian- not quite like a native, but comfortable enough to do the things that matter, like make friends, eat authentic Italian food, and experience a new country from the eyes of someone who is no longer a typical tourist. Buono studio!

Open System Interconnect Model and Todays Networks Research Paper

Open System Interconnect Model and Todays Networks - Research Paper Example It is important to note that OSI modal is an abstract or conceptual model and often OSI model layers overlap functions and protocols in real networks. The first layer of OSI model is known as physical layer because it deals with physical media use to interconnect various machines in a network. This may include connectors, UTP and fiber optic cables or wireless access points, hubs, repeaters etc. Data at this layer is in the format of bits or electrical signals. The next comes the Data Link layer which is used to control the access to the communication channel described in the first layer. This layers also set the pace of data flow over the data communication channel. Various devices used at this layer includes switches and bridges. Data at this layer is in the format of frames. The devices are identified based on their physical address at this layer and MAC address is used to address source and destination machines. High-level Data Link Control (HDLC), Frame Relay, PPP etc. are some the protocols used at Data Link layer. Network layer is basically used for logical addressing of source and destination machines. IP Address are used this layer of the OSI Model. Router is the most important device used at this stage. It is an important layer where various protocols like IP, Internet Control Messaging Protocol (ICMP), Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) etc are used. This layer ensures movement of data to corrected logical address of the machines. with accuracy and request retransmission if required. More importantly in today’s network for fast communications this layer ensures the selection of most optimal route through Open Shortest Path Fist (OSPF), Extended Gateway Protocol (EGP), Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and many other protocols. Data is organized in packet at this layer. Transport layer transports and sequences packets in to data segments. It eliminates duplication and recovers data losses. It controls the overall flow of data and ensure accuracy and concurrency between communicating devices. TCP, UDP and NetBEUI are important protocols used at transport layer. Session layer opens, maintains, and closes session between applications. These sessions synchronize data communication between machines on a network. Various

Business Appraisal in the Professional Services Sector Dissertation

Business Appraisal in the Professional Services Sector - Dissertation Example The study made use of secondary data garnered mainly from official reports and pronouncements issued by the company for its shareholders, consumer groups, and the government. Other secondary data were acquired from investment analyses and professional publications, while the financial data were taken from official online databases. Quantitative analysis were conducted to establish relationships between research and development metrics and the firm’s profitability indicators, to determine which measures in the firm’s financial reports relating to software development impacted upon how profitably the firm performance. Qualitative analysis provided an appreciation of the software development process and the value-enhancing strategies that improved Microsoft’s comparative advantage over its rival firms. The study found that the research and development efforts of Microsoft, which principally consists of software development, impacted on the firm’s profitabilit y within two years after the software development effort had taken place. Competitively, Microsoft had benefitted from a strategy of operational competence until the present, but Apple is gradually overtaking it with a more effective method of customer intimacy as its value discipline. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 List of Tables 5 List of Figures 6 Chapter 1: Introduction 7 1.1Chapter overview 7 1.2 Background of the study 7 1.3 Significance of the study 9 1.4 Research aim and objectives 9 1.5Research questions 10 1.6 Brief description of the data and analysis 10 1.7 Conceptual framework 11 Chapter 2: Literature Review 14 2.1 Chapter overview 14 2.2 The conceptualization of the phrase â€Å"value of Microsoft’s software development† 14 2.3 The organizational dynamics of software development 15 2.4 Microsoft’s software development strategy 17 2.5 Discerning the rationale in code development at Microsoft 20 2.6 Accounting treatment of software development costs 23 2.7 The Conceptual Framework: The Treacy & Wiersema Value Discipline Model 24 Chapter 3: Methodology 29 3.1 Chapter overview 29 3.2 Research strategy 29 3.3Description of variables used in the quantitative study 31 3.4 Statistical model and treatment used in the study 34 3.5Data collection method 35 3.6 Sampling method and size 36 3.7 Data analysis 36 3.8 Scope and Limitation 37 3.9 Ethical considerations 37 Chapter 4: Data and Discussion 39 4.1 Chapter Overview 39 4.2 Microsoft’s Product Innovation and Momentum 39 4.3 Perceived implementation of Microsoft’s corporate strategy 41 4.4 Human resources management at Microsoft 43 4.5 Assessment of Microsoft’s operating performance 44 4.6 Competitive values dimension comparison among Microsoft, Apple and Google 49 4.7 Results of statistical correlation studies 54 Chapter 5: Conclusion 62 5.1 Chapter overview 62 5.2 Summary of the research findings 62 5.3 Conclusion 67 5.4 Limitation of the findings and conc lusion 68 References: 70 Appendices 74 List of Tables Table 1: Examples of incumbent and entrant software products 18 Table 2: Criteria to measure the disruptive potential of an innovation in software markets 19 Table 3: Comparison of â€Å"Waterfall† and Microsoft development processes 20 Table 4: Revenues and income per business segment 44 Table 5: Growth rates of Microsoft’s yearend revenues and operating income for 2011 46 Table 6: Direct competitor comparison 47 Table

Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Research Proposal - Essay Example The particular market will be examined as of its performance through the years in accordance with a series of data released by firms that operate in the specific sector of British economy. The methods used for the retrieval of the necessary info are the following ones: a) study of the financial reports of firms that operate in the specific market (only the most successful retailers will be examined – approximately 5 of them), b) survey of customers of British retailers (customers of retailers that are based in Oxford Street, London will be used as participants in the relevant research) and c) review of statistical data related with the performance of firms operating in the British retail industry; these statistical data can be published either by governmental organizations or by private institutions. All the above methods will be evaluated as of their effectiveness regarding the target of the research: identification of the performance of British retailers through the years. A part from the analysis of the research methods used towards the completion of the study, a series of other issues will be examined in the context of this paper at the level that the reference to the these issues is necessary because of the importance of the subject, the turbulences of the market (which can cause severe delays in the completion of the research) and the unexpected changes in the conditions under which the research is conducted. Because all the above factors can alternate the conditions of the research, they are examined trying to focus on their relevance with the successful completion of the research under evaluation. The research is based on a series of questions that should be divided into two main categories. The first category includes only the main question of the research while the second category includes the secondary questions of the project. The project’s main question is the following one: which are the trends (in terms of

Business Ethics Tyco International Essay Example for Free

Business Ethics Tyco International Essay Description of Organization and Product Tyco International Ltd. is a corporation with official headquarters based in Pembroke, Bermuda but the company maintains operational headquarters in Princeton, New Jersey. Tyco has grown into a multi-billion dollar company (scattered in over 100 countries) with revenue of $41.0 billion USD (2006) to boast. Founded in 1960 by Arthur J. Rosenberg, Tyco was birthed when Rosenberg opened a laboratory intended for research and experimental works catered for government use. Incorporated by 1962 as Tyco Laboratories, it shifted its focus to developing scientific materials as well as energy conversion products, which now caters for the commercial sector. Tyco is a manufacturing and service conglomerate which is involved in a variety of products ranging from electronics, fire and security services, healthcare, aerospace, and some industrial products. For instance, its passive and active electronic components are found in computers, aerospace, automobiles, industrial machines, and household appliances among others. Under its fire protection and electronic security operations, it is responsible for designing, manufacturing, and installing products as well as providing services in these areas. Part of Tyco’s Healthcare business involves medical, pharmaceutical, surgical, imaging, and respiratory products. The company also manufactures industrial valves, and fire sprinklers thereby giving services in residential and industrial settings (â€Å"Tyco: Our Business†). It also provides services consultation on engineering and construction management, including operating services. Through one of its subsidies, the company also has an integrated system used for the tracking and controlling public transportation system, tunnels, and bridges. Furthermore, Tyco is involved in the monitoring of systems of burglar fire alarms, and on medical alert systems where 24-hour monitoring and response is necessary. Tyco is also engaged in buying steel and resin in the United States, as well as copper, gold, zinc, brass, paper, ink, cotton, wax, chemicals and additives. Other products purchased by the group are foil, copper clad materials, adhesives, and cloth. As of 2005, Tyco is responsible for employing about 247,900 people in its company (â€Å"Company Research: Tyco International Ltd.†). Tyco’s phenomenal growth can be traced back in the late 1980s when the company engaged in a number of acquisitions in some major companies such as ADT, Siemens Electrochemical Components, Thorn Security, and Mueller Company. But it was not until the 1990s and the subsequent years that Tyco became more aggressive in its acquisition strategy under Dennis Kozlowski as CEO. In a span of about eleven years (from 1991 to 2001), Tyco has reportedly acquired 1000 other companies. It was in 1997 that Tyco made the controversial shift of headquarters from Massachusetts to Bermuda, after the company’s acquisition of ADT.   ADT Limited has its origins which can be traced way back in the 1900s in the United Kingdom and by 1980s was restructured under the laws of Bermuda. Although part of the merger, since ADT was incorporated in Bermuda, it was still perceived as a shrewd move to avoid taxes. Shareholder and investors were later informed of this tax advantage. A partial list of Tyco’s products and its brands: AMP for its electronic components and cables RAYCHEM for circuit protection devices Ansul, Total Weather, Skum Sabo for fire fighting products Kendall, Monoject, Shiley for medical supplies Simplex Grinnell, Wormald for fire sprinklers OpenSky and EDACS for critical communications systems Violation / People Involved   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During the 1990s, the company continued to show a stable and steady rise in income. But by 1999, rumors of accounting irregularities began to leak with charges directed against Tyco’s top executives: Dennis Kozlowski (former chairman and chief executive), Mark H. Swartz (former chief financial officer), and Mark Belnick (former general counsel). These accusations were vehemently denied by the company’s leadership.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It was not until January of 2002 that prosecutors found Kozlowski guilty of tax evasion for his art purchases. Investigators later followed a trail of lavish expenditures, thereby making Kozlowski’s tax evasion scheme a mere ‘tip of the iceberg’.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Eight months later, these three men were arrested and tried before the New York State Supreme Court. Kozlowski and Swartz were charged of robbing the company of about $600 million with the aid of Belnick. They were found guilty of treating Tyco as a personal bank account, stealing worth of $170 million through company loans and $430 million worth of fraudulent sales of securities without the company’s shareholders knowledge (â€Å"Three Tyco Execs Indicted for Fraud†). Kozlowski was found guilty of masterminding a series of ethical violations, by misusing corporate funds for relocation and executive loan programs. Since 1996 up to 2002, these two men awarded themselves hundreds of millions of dollars with low or no-interest loans usually from Tyco’s Key Employee Corporate Loan Program (KELP). The company explicitly defined the purpose of the program. Tyco’s KELP was designed to provide loan assistance for Tyco key employees to pay their taxes when investing upon Tyco’s common stock. Of the $270 million that Kozlowski took through KELP loans (from 1997 to 2002), about $29,000,000 only were used for taxes because of the result of the vesting of Tyco stock. The rest of the money were improperly used for self-serving interests such as acquiring luxury apartments and estates, expensive artworks, estate jewelry, a yacht, and spending about $100 million for a lavish party for his second wife. Also, Kozlowski is now notoriously known for owning a gold-laced shower curtain worth $6,000 a picture for his lavish lifestyle. He also used KELP funds to finance his own personal investments and other business ventures, deliberately violating the program’s purpose. Swartz also misappropriated about $85,000,000 dollars from the company’s KELP loans during these same periods. Following from Kozlowski’s example, he too appropriated only about $13,000,000 dollars to cover taxes as a result from the vesting of Tyco stock. Swartz misappropriated the remaining $72,000,000 dollars for self-serving purposes such as financing his own business investments, and the purchasing of real estate holdings and trusts. Kozlowski and Swartz were also guilty of deceitful acts by deliberately failing to disclose in their annual Director Officer Questionnaire (â€Å"DO Questionnaire†), which are given to Tyco’s senior executives, the information of these loans much less the manner of which how these KELP loans were used. Tyco’s shareholders were deceived by Kozlowski and Swartz’s failure to reveal these important facts on the company’s Form 10-K and proxy statements. The company also has a relocation loan program since 1995, to give assistance to its employees who were affected when it moved its offices to New York City from New Hampshire and later to Florida. Kozlowski and Swartz also enriched themselves by availing of relocation loans and spending it for purposes not covered by the program. Of the $46,000,000 dollars which Kozlowski amassed from the relocation loan, $18,000,000 was spent to buy a waterfront compound in Boca Raton and an estimated $7,000,000 Park Avenue apartment for his previous wife. Swartz spent $6,500,000 to purchase an apartment on New York City’s Upper East Side; $17 M for a waterfront compound also in Boca Raton; and the rest of the funds were used in purposes not authorized by the program. They were also accountable for repeatedly classifying and reclassifying their debts to the company, and even moving on to authorizing transactions by which their millions of dollars of KELP and relocation loans were forgiven and written off the company’s books. They also instructed others to falsify the company’s books and records in order to conceal these violations. Swartz also enriched himself by selling his New Hampshire real estate to a Tyco subsidiary for $305,000, but in which the Tyco subsidiary sold it at a far lower price about two years later from its purchase. Swartz purposely did not disclose this transaction from Tyco’s investors. Both Kozlowski and Swartz abused company perquisites from Tyco such as causing the company to purchase luxurious apartments and stay in it rent-free and made use of Tyco corporate aircraft in purposes unrelated to the company’s business. The former CEO also misused Tyco’s funds by releasing large amounts of charitable donations in his own name, and all the while failed to disclose and report these facts to investors, as mandated by the federal securities laws. While possessing material information, Swartz engaged in fraudulent sales of Tyco stocks through family business partnerships. Both men lied to Tyco’s auditors by signing management representation letters which avowed the absence of fraudulent acts from significant employees involved in Tyco’s internal control. Belnick, Tyco’s former chief legal officer, amassed millions of dollars from Tyco through similar violations committed by Kozlowski and Swartz (T Newkirk, J Coffman, R Kaplan, D Frohlich, and J Weiner. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission). Explanation of the Outcome   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The two former top Tyco executives received 8 1/3 to 25 years of prison-sentence after being tried before a New York state court, after it’s first resulted in a mistrial. They were found guilty of siphoning and misappropriating company funds during their stint as Tyco’s top executives. This was considered as one of the biggest ethical violations in a series of white-collar crimes that has tainted and eroded public confidence in the US corporate landscape. As a result, Kozlowski and Swartz served their terms in New York state prison, a case which differs greatly from other convicted corporate executives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Other convicted corporate executives such as Adelphia’s John Rigas, or Martha Stewart served their prison sentences in a federal prison. Often dubbed as â€Å"Club Feds† or â€Å"Camp Cupcake†, federal prison conditions could appear like a ‘boarding school’ - there are no bars and some are even offering facilities like tennis courts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In stark contrast, state prison do not offer such ‘luxuries’ and the gravest issue could boil down even to the inmate’s safety. It usually houses criminals convicted of rape, murder and other violent offenses - one reason which explains its unsafe condition and which makes tight security a necessity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While others may see this conviction too harsh for a white-collar crime, Kozlowski and Swartz cannot escape their fate since their case began as a state investigation for trying to evade about $1,000,000 dollars worth of tax payment for acquiring expensive artworks by Renoir, Monet and other celebrated painters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Also, this has come upon the government’s stand of placing stricter measures on its effort of cracking down corruption in the corporate scene (K. Crawford. â€Å"For Kozlowski, An Especially Grim Future†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to a former SEC prosecutor, the sentences for white-collar criminals are getting tougher and judges’ former tendency to give them milder treatment is fast disappearing. While Kozlowski is credited for building up Tyco’s multi-billion dollar industrial empire, which used to give an impressive and illustrious career rising from being an ordinary employee to become Tyco’s chief executive officer, his crime is also credited as the grandest (so far) in scale and amount of thievery in corporate history.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While some would protest about the usefulness of long prison sentences given to white-collar criminals, especially when they are towards the age of retirement. However, there is an inescapable trend among state and federal courts to give longer years of prison-conviction. Whereas in the early 1990s, when such crimes were new and few, a certain convicted salesman received eight years reduction in his 10-year term, an equivalent of 22 months in jail (L. Lazaroff. â€Å"Ex-Tyco Executives Get Up To 25 Years: Kozlowski, Swartz also to pay millions in restitution, fines†). Kozlowski is serving his prison sentence at Midstate Correctional Facility in Marcy, N.Y., located outside of Syracuse of N.Y.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Clearly, there has been a great shift of change. Opinion of the Outcome   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the aftermath of the Enron, Adelphia, Tyco and other high profile business scandals which prove that ethical violations can pose a serious and costly risk for a business entity’s ability to grow or thrive. As demonstrated by Kozlowski, Swartz and Belnick - the collapse of integrity could cost hundreds of millions or even billions of dollars for its company to cover extra expenses such as litigation, fines, damage of company reputation, subsequent loss of client’s trust, decline in sales, and the process for damage-control.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While this indictment against Kozlowski and his accomplices seem severe when it received as much punishment as those who commit violent crimes, but given the substantial amount stolen, the consequent loss of wealth due to erosion of public trust, and costly lawsuits the benefits of giving such harsh convictions would serve as a deterrent for future losses. It is also the government’s responsibility to restore confidence among investors towards corporate entities in order for these institutions to survive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kozlowski’s shot for â€Å"dizzying success† (even using fraudulent and criminal means) was fed in part by Wall Street’s hero worship of ‘rock star’ CEOs. However, in light of a string of corporate scandals, leaders must be emulated for their ability to ‘shepherd’ their company and provide examples of living up to ethical standards themselves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This outcome also brings the much needed transformation on government (such as the Sarbeans-Oxley Act) and company policies pertaining to how business is conducted by those who serve them. While most of the focus is on the violators, the rippling effects of such crimes could threaten the financial security of millions of the company’s employees and their families.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Companies, in lieu of the scandal, have now placed greater importance of training its employees to make ethical decisions which would cultivate a corporate culture founded on trust and integrity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This case also helped to strengthen greater consciousness for the need to fight corruption in a global scale. The United Nations signed a new treaty in its bid to fight corruption worldwide. This covers not only government officials but is applied to the private sector as well (â€Å"United Nations Convention Against Corruption†). The Organization Today   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rebounding from the moral crises that swept its top executives, along with other companies, there has been greater commitment for transparency among the new management performers in Tyco and other companies. These are corporate leaders who have built a track record of excellent performance and who have been practicing high ethical standards. All efforts are geared toward rebuilding the company’s reputation, public and investor’s trust.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When Edward D. Breen became Tyco’s new CEO in July 2002, he took a bold step in his sweeping reform to re-establish credibility and faith to the company, which included firing the Board of Directors that hired him.   Of the 500 employees in Tyco’s Princeton, N.J. headquarters, as much as 480 are newly hired since Breen breezed in to Tyco’s management scene.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although at first, Breen found the company in confusion, low morale among its employees, and about to face a cash shortage because of an $11 billion debt due a year after, Tyco has a good foundation due to Tyco’s acquisition of a number of stable businesses (S. Lohr. â€Å"New Strategies Changing Face of Corporate Scandal†). This separates Tyco from much of the companies who suffered the same fate from dishonest dealings by its top executives most of which filed for bankruptcy. Tyco was able to recover from the crisis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to a public announcement made last January 13, 2006, Tyco International is divided into three business segments: Tyco Healthcare, Tyco Electronics, and Tyco Fire Security, and Tyco Engineered Products Services (TFS/TEPS). Each has operations separate from each other and possesses their own set of board of directors, executives, and financial structure. By February 6, 2007, Tyco has revenue of $41 billion and currently employing about 250,000 people in different countries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Despite being in the process of splitting into three major companies, Tyco International Ltd. still saw an increase of net earnings of up to 43 % or a profit rise of about $793 million due to great demand especially for its electronics and security devices. Company profit taken from continuing operations is up on 37 cents per share – a performance which proved better than Wall’s Street’s forecasts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Among Tyco’s four divisions, three reported an increase in sales and better operating profits for the first quarter of this year; with its heal-care the only segment which handed in a lower yield in profit due to the company’s restructuring measures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tyco is preparing to push on its health-care and electronics divisions by the second quarter. It is gearing up for more aggressive measures as it sees a favorable global economic environment for this year, being optimistic to avail a rise of 6 to 7 percent in sales.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tyco’s shares have even achieved more than 30% over the previous year, twice than the rise of Standard Poor’s 500 index. Another measure of its success- Tyco’s stock price rose to $33.21 on the New York Stock Exchange from its $8 value just right after the scandal (â€Å"Tyco’s Net Earnings Jump 43%†). References:    â€Å"Tyco: Our Business†. http://www.tyco.com/ â€Å"Company Research: Tyco International Ltd.†. The New York Times. February 16, 2007. http://custom.marketwatch.com/custom/nyt-com/html-companyprofile.asp?MW=http://marketwatch.nytimes.com/custom/nyt-com/html-companyprofile.aspsymb=TYCsid=42806#compinfo â€Å"Three Tyco Execs Indicted for Fraud†. CNN.com/BUSINESS. http://edition.cnn.com/2002/BUSINESS/asia/09/12/us.tyco/ Newkirk T, Coffman J, Kaplan R, Frohlich D, Weiner J. S. Securities and Exchange Commission. http://www.sec.gov/litigation/complaint/complr 17722.htm Crawford, K. â€Å"For Kozlowski, An Especially Grim Future†. CNNMoney.com   Ã‚  Ã‚   http://money.cnn.com/2005/06/21/news/newsmakers/prisons_state/ Lazaroff, Leon. â€Å"Ex-Tyco Executives Get Up To 25 Years: Kozlowski, Swartz also to pay millions in restitution, fines. Chicago Tribune. September 20, 2005. â€Å"United Nations Convention Against Corruption†.   Ã‚  Ã‚   http://untreaty.un.org/English/notpubl/Corruption_E.pdf Lohr, S. â€Å"New Strategies Changing Face of Corporate Scandal†. New York Times News Service. June 4, 2005.   Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20050604/news_1b4scandals.html â€Å"Tyco’s Net Earnings Jump 43%†. February 6, 2007.   Ã‚  Ã‚   http://money.cnn.com/2007/02/06/news/companies/bc.tyco.results.reut/index.htm

Communism Essay -- Communism Essays

â€Å"Communism†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is Communism? Communism is the doctrine of the conditions of the liberation of the proletariat. It also can be defined as a conceptualized system of government in which resources and production facilities are the property of the entire society rather than individuals. In a communist society, labor is shared equally as well, and the benefits of labor are distributed according to need (Communism.4all 1). No one person shall be ranked higher than another and there is to be one person in charge of the society in a communism government. There are still to this day many countries that fall under the rule of communism and the ways they were transformed under communist rule is quite interesting. Just a few to mention are; Vietnam, Cuba, and China. China and Russia both went to great lengths to turn their countries into communist ones. Russia then became a non-communist country and is better for it. Communism is also looked at from a religious standpoint and the churc h has extremely strong views on it. Communism is not only a governmental system it is how people are forced to live their lives, good and the bad come with it. As I mentioned before, communism goes under the liberation of the proletariat. A proletariat is that class in society which lives entirely from the sale of its labor and does not draw profit from any kind of capital; whose weal and woe, whose life and death, whose sole existence depends on the demand for labor-hence, on the changing state of business, on the vagaries of unbridled competition. The proletariat or the class of Proletarians, is, in a word, the working class of the 19th century (Marxists 1). This is just one example of the ways of the Communist rule.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Proletariat originated in the industrial revolution, which took place in England in the last half of the 18th century, and which has since been repeated in all the civilized countries in the world (Marxists 2). Before the industrial revolution began, devices such as the steam engine, spinning machines and a bunch of other mechanical devices were invented. These new and extremely expensive machines could only be purchased by the capitalists. Therefore, the machines were brought industry work into the hands of the capitalists and were worthless property to the workers. This meant that the capitalists had eve... ... governmental system. Majority of the people in the world would like to make their own decisions and not be told what to do from childhood. It is a system that does take away your freedoms and does not allow you to make your own decisions. United States on the other hand is just the opposite, in that you are allowed to protest, vote for what you believe in and have the basic freedoms of just about anything.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are only a few countries left in this world that are still under the rule of communism and I believe that once the rulers of those nations die off, the U.S. will have something to say about it. I do not believe that communism will survive very long because America has shown in the past and recently that when we do not like a way a country is doing something, we will come in and fix it. For example, we did not like the way Saddam Hussein was running things and going about his business, so we went in and took over. Why not do this to every country we don’t agree with from a political standpoint. So, all in all, communism will not be around much longer and democracy will become the governmental system of the world.